Efficient One-Step Conversion of a Low-Grade Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel over a Zinc Carboxylate Metal–Organic Framework

Lunardi, Valentino Bervia, Gunawan, Fransiska, Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi, Santoso, Shella Permatasari, Chen, Chun-Hu, Yuliana, Maria, Kurniawan, Alfin, Lie, Jenni, Angkawijaya, Artik Elisa and Ismadji, Suryadi (2021) Efficient One-Step Conversion of a Low-Grade Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel over a Zinc Carboxylate Metal–Organic Framework. Efficient One-Step Conversion of a Low-Grade Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel over a Zinc Carboxylate Metal–Organic Framework, 6 (14). 0834-1845. ISSN 24701343, Jurnal Internasional Bereputasi SJR(2020): 0.78, Q1, H-Index: 40

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Abstract

In this study, a metal−organic framework, namely, Zn3(BTC)2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricaboxylic acid), was solvothermally synthesized and employed as a catalyst for biodiesel production from degummed vegetable oil via a one-step transesterification and esterification reaction. The resulting Zn3(BTC)2 particles exhibit a well-defined triclinic structure with an average size of about 1.2 μm, high specific surface area of 1176 m2/g, and thermal stability up to 300 °C. The response surface methodology−Box−Behnken design (RSM− BBD) was employed to identify the optimal reaction conditions and to model the biodiesel yield in relation to three important parameters, namely, the methanol/oil molar ratio (4:1−8:1), temperature (45−65 °C), and time (1.5−4.5 h). Under the optimized reaction conditions (i.e., 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 65 °C, 4.5 h), the maximum biodiesel yield reached 89.89% in a 1 wt % catalyst, which agreed very well with the quadratic polynomial model’s prediction (89.96%). The intrinsic catalytic activity of Zn3(BTC)2, expressed as the turnover frequency, was found to be superior to that of other MOF catalysts applied in the transesterification and esterification reactions. The reusability study showed that the as-synthesized Zn3(BTC)2 catalyst exhibited good stability upon three consecutive reuses without a noticeable decrease in the methyl ester yield (∼4%) and any appreciable metal leaching (<5%). Furthermore, a preliminary technoeconomic analysis showed that the total direct operating cost for the kilogram-scale production of Zn3(BTC)2 is estimated to be US$50, which may sound economically attractive.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Jurnal Internasional Bereputasi SJR(2020): 0.78, Q1, H-Index: 40
Subjects: Engineering > Chemical Engineering
Divisions: Journal Publication
Depositing User: F.X. Hadi
Date Deposited: 13 Jul 2022 05:29
Last Modified: 02 Dec 2022 08:28
URI: http://repository.ukwms.ac.id/id/eprint/31440

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